![]() ![]() Initiation of HIV treatment among the newly diagnosed led to a reduction in malarial parasitemia (expressed as 18S copy numbers/μl) by over 85.8% within one week of treatment and a further reduction by 96% after 2 weeks. In volunteers who were malaria PCR-negative at enrollment, the median time to detectable asymptomatic infection was shorter for HIV-1 negatives (149 days) compared to the HIV-1 positives on treatment (171 days) ( p=0.00136). Further, treatment with ART/TS had an impact on incidence of asymptomatic parasitemia. Results showed significantly higher malaria prevalence in the HIV-1 negative group (61.4%) ( p=0.0001) compared to HIV-1 positives newly diagnosed (36.5%) and those stable on treatment (31.45%). Blood samples were collected monthly and asymptomatic malarial parasitemia determined using sensitive 18S qPCR. The study groups were composed of 102 HIV-1 negatives, 106 newly diagnosed HIV-1 positives and 92 HIV-1 positives who were already stable on ART/TS. ![]() 300 adult volunteers in a malaria holoendemic region in Western Kenya were enrolled and followed for six months. In this follow-up longitudinal study, we evaluated these associations to determine the magnitude of asymptomatic parasitemia over time, and to examine the effects of initiating Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) together with the broad-spectrum antibiotic Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole (TS) on asymptomatic parasitemia. Our previous cross-sectional studies showed significant associations between HIV-1 positivity and malarial parasitemia with an increased risk of gametocytemia. Interactions between malaria and HIV-1 have important public health implications. ![]()
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